Porous MXene/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructure anodes with accelerated charge transfer kinetics for high-energy and long-life sodium-ion hybrid capacitors
Mingming Gao , Jundong Shao , Ying Huang* , Xinyi Duan , Sheng Yang c, Faxing Wang , Feng Yu , Zaichun Liu , Yao Gao , Panpan Zhang* , Yuping Wu* , Xing Lu*
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 168135.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.168135
Abstract
Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) integrate the merits of supercapacitors and batteries, while overcoming the main drawback of low energy density in supercapacitors. Nevertheless, the sluggish diffusion kinetics of anode materials impede the rapid development of SIHCs. Herein, we report the template-induced porous Nb2C (P-Nb2C)/transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructure anodes via a simple annealing process for high-performance SIHCs. By virtue of the in-situ growth of TMD on P-Nb2C, P-Nb2C/TMD heterostructures exhibit substantial electrolyte-accessible surface area and abundant active sites. As a result, high specific capacities of 725.7 mAh g−1 and 610.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 are achieved for P-Nb2C/MoS2 and P-Nb2C/WS2 heterostructure anodes, and their capacity retentions maintain 63.0 % and 51.8 % ranging from 0.1 to 5 A g−1, respectively. The constructed heterointerface of P-Nb2C/TMD heterostructures contributes to efficient ion diffusion and rapid charge transfer, thereby ensuring ultrafast Na-ion storage kinetics and enhanced pseudocapacitance. When assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode, the fabricated P-Nb2C/MoS2//AC SIHC exhibits ultrahigh energy density (250.6 Wh kg−1) and excellent long-term cycling stability (89.7 % after 20,000 cycles). This structural design and synthetic strategy of Nb2C MXene-based heterostructures offer new insight into high-performance SIHC anodes.
